5. 冠词 Articles
2025/9/23大约 2 分钟
5. 冠词 Articles
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冠词是一种中位限定词,可以用来限定单、复数名词和不可数名词。
Using the Right Article
What is the 'Zero Article'
分类
| 序号 | 类别 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Definite Article | the |
| 2 | Indefinite Article | a/an |
| 3 | Zero Article/ the Absence of Article |
用法
- 类指(Generic Reference):表示类别,泛指一类人或物
- 特指(Specific Reference):某一类人或事物中特定的对象
- Definite Specific Reference: 明确、具体
- Indefinite Specific Reference: 不明确,不具体
- 独指(Unique Reference):独一无二
| 类别 | 实现 | 示例 | description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generic Reference | the + singular noun | The rose is a lovely flower. | |
| the + 某些集体名词 | The police are a law-enforcement organization. | 强调整体 | |
| the + 表示民族、阶级、政党的复数名词 | The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains | 指全体 | |
| the + 形容词/分词 | why should the many be oppressed by the few? | 表示具有该形容词/分词 特性的一类人或事物 | |
| a/an + singular | A telephone is a very important means of communication. | 通常作主语,指一类中的任何一个个体具有的性质 | |
| zero article + plural | Doctors are badly needed at the front. | 强调不同个体、多数或群体,而非任一个体或整类时 | |
| zero article + uncountable noun | Electricity is a form of energy | 表示类别 | |
| Specific Reference | |||
| Definite Specific Reference | the | Could you tell me the shortest way to the railway station? | |
| zero article + 抽象名词 | He doesn't deal much with society. | society 限定为He 所生存的社会 | |
| Indefinite Specific Reference | a/an + singular | I met an old man on my way here. | 通常为说者已知,听者未知的信息 |
| zero article + uncountable/plural | All the city streets were flowing with water after the night's rain. | ||
| Unique Reference | the | The moon hung low in the sky | |
| zero article | I know Father will back soon. | 首字母大写 |
表示类指时意义上的差别
a/an:强调类中任意 个体 所具有的性质
"A square has four sides": 任何一个正方形都具有4条边
the:强调 整体 具有的性质
"The palm tree lives longer than the oak tree":棕榈树这一种类比橡树存活的更久
zero article:强调同一类中的大多数 - 群体,即类中有一部分不具有性质
"Dogs that bark at a distance bite not at hand":大部分老远叫的狗近身不咬人(并不是所有老远叫的狗近身都不咬人)
在表示普遍性质时 a/an 和 the 可以兼容:
a. A dog is a faithful friend.
b. The dog is a faithful friend.
在表示大多数时 the 和 zero article 可以兼容:
a. Dogs bark at strangers.
b. The Dog barks at a stranger.
注意a中名词都是复数形式,而b中都是单数。