7.3 Voice

相关信息

语态是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示句子的主语 和 谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。

类型	主语的作用
The Active Voice	动作的发出者 或 执行者
The Passive Voice	动作的承受者

• Using the Passive Voice

被动语态的类型 312

一般说来，英语及物动词的主动语态可以转换为被动语态。

以下标题为及物动词的主动语态构成形式。
具有相同含义的主动、被动例句放在有序列表内。单独的被动语态例句放在无需列表中。
颜色标记：主谓宾使用固定颜色-红黄蓝标记，其余句子成分视具体情况而定，可能相同，也可能不同。

1. subj. + vt. + obj.

• Today all kinds of measures are taken to prevent pollution.
• You are wanted on the phone.

转换后 obj. 不见了

2. subj. + vt. + obj. + obj.complement

1. We heard the song sung everyday.
   The song was heard sung everyday.

2. We heard him say good-bye to his friends.
   He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.

active voice 中 say good-bye，say 是bare infinitive
转换后obj. complement => subj. complement
say => to say

let
后跟动词 drop, fall, fly, go, slip ...

1. The girl let fall a few hints.
   A few hints were let fall by the girl

不需要to fall

被动语态的各种时态构成形式 328

tense	passive voice	active voice
simple present	is/are done	simple present verb - do
simple past	was/were done	simple past verb - did
simple future	will/shall be done	will do / be going to do
present progressive	is/are being done	am/is/are doing
past progressive	was/were being done	was/were doing
present perfect	has/have been done	has/have done
past perfect	had been done	had done
future perfect	shall/will have been done	will have done

一般过去将来：should/would be done
过去将来完成：should/would have been done

• perfect progressive 不用于passive，因为其表示的是 duration
• 由于done是固定的，be 来表示动作的状态

Voice .excalidraw

非限定动词被动式的时态

	一般式	完成式
infinitive	to be done	to have been done
participle	being done	having been done
gerund	being done	having been done